Please answer the following:
1.
Define the term “organization management” and state
why a management imperative in the health service organization context appears
to be strongly advocated in the development of a HMIS curriculum.
2.
How is HMIS different from MIS? How are they
similar?
3.
Why is a balance of technical skills and
organizational know-how important for HMIS training and education? How does
this relate to evolving health information as an organization resource?
4.
What are the values and benefits of using a model
such as the HMIS framework to structure the design and development of an HMIS
for a health service organization?
5.
Distinguish between open and closed systems.
6.
How do you identify if a health service organization
is not collecting, transforming, or managing information properly? Use the
example of a hospital information system (HIS) to illustrate your answer.
7.
Why is “management” often considered both a science
and an art?
8.
Distinguish between “process efficiency” and “system
efficiency,” and between “process effectiveness” and “system effectiveness” and
provide the rationale for the need to reengineer the health management
information system design, development, and management process.
9.
What are the basic components of the HMIS and how
should each of these components be managed? Why might EUC become dangerous to a
health organization?
10.
Define the object-oriented analysis and design
approach to systems development. What are the three key mechanisms in OOAD?
Describe the “layered” development of software in OOAD and the advantages of
its use.
11. What do you think are the major contributions of information technology to the health care industry?
12.
What is systems integration in the health care
setting? What is its significance?
13.
What do you perceive as the possible reason(s) that
have led to MIS development occurring at a slower pace in the health service
sector than in the business sector?
14.
Imagine you are an IS consultant from the business
sector and have been hired by the chief executive officer (CEO) of a small
rural hospital to assist in the development of a HMIS. What could you say about
the difference in environmental, organizational, and technological contexts
between the two industrial sectors? How would your strategy be the same and how
would it be different in comparison to planning and developing a MIS for a
large health service organization versus a small one?
15.
Define health information resource management (HIRM)
and describe its purpose.
16.
What does HIRM provide to managers of health service
delivery organizations?
17.
What are the five aspects of HIRM?
18.
Please indicate whether the following statements
should be included in the job description of a CEO or a CIO:______ He or she
should be responsible for developing and managing information.______ Ensure
that a key executive/manager who has a primary and unmistakable responsibility
for developing and sharing information within the organization is
appointed.______ Act as a role model (e.g., be organized and positive) as all
other strata of management and staff within the organization may take their cue
from him or her.______ An individual within an organization has been given the
responsibility to manage the organization’s information.______ Work effectively
with the chief ________ officer to ensure that the processes for managing
information within the organization are effective.______ Assist the executive
team and governing board in using information effectively to support strategic
planning and management.______ Provide management oversight and coordinating
information processing and telecommunication systems throughout the
organization.______ He or she should have an in-depth understanding of the
current caregiving environment.______ He or she should be an active leader in
the development of the organization’s information systems plans for the
future.______ He or she should have a sound understanding of the information
systems industry, particularly in relation to health care.______ He or she must
ensure the development of the appropriate structure and the availability of the
expertise within the facilities and assist in the challenge of obtaining the
right information and interpreting it appropriately.______ He or she should be
an executive who understands and advocates that information is a corporate
asset to be used and protected with the same care as any other corporate
asset.______ He or she should anticipate the appropriate time for implementing
leading-edge technology.______ He or she should create a current
state-of-the-art management information technology infrastruture that supports
the organization’s overall plans, goals, and objectives.
19.
What are some common steps in HMIS implementation?
What other issues need to be settled?
20.
What kind of skills should health information
systems managers in the future possess?
Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
As a medical professor responsible for designing college assignments and providing feedback to medical college students, I have researched and developed answers to various questions related to Health Management Information Systems (HMIS). In this context, I provide answers to the following questions.
1. Define the term “organization management” and state why a management imperative in the health service organization context appears to be strongly advocated in the development of an HMIS curriculum.
Organization management refers to the administration and control of an enterprise, including planning, directing, coordinating, and evaluating activities to ensure the achievement of organizational goals. In the health service organization context, management is essential for maintaining quality healthcare delivery, allocating resources effectively, promoting patient safety, and improving outcomes. Therefore, an HMIS curriculum strongly advocates management imperative to train healthcare professionals with the necessary skills and knowledge to manage and implement health information technology systems effectively.
2. How is HMIS different from MIS? How are they similar?
HMIS is a specific type of Management Information System (MIS) designed for healthcare organizations to manage patient-related information and improve the quality of care. While both HMIS and MIS are designed to facilitate data collection, processing, and management, HMIS is specialized for the healthcare sector and includes unique features such as electronic health records, clinical decision support systems and health analytics.
3. Why is a balance of technical skills and organizational know-how important for HMIS training and education? How does this relate to evolving health information as an organization resource?
A balance of technical skills and organizational know-how is essential for HMIS training and education because healthcare professionals require technical skills to develop and manage HMIS while organizational knowledge is essential for aligning systems with organizational goals, understanding organizational culture and facilitating communication between technical and non-technical staff. Considering the evolving nature of health information as an organization resource, healthcare professionals must be equipped with both technical and organizational skills to promote effective use of technology in the organization and improve outcomes.
4. What are the values and benefits of using a model such as the HMIS framework to structure the design and development of an HMIS for a health service organization?
The values and benefits of using a model such as the HMIS framework to structure the design and development of an HMIS for a health service organization include improved data accuracy, improved patient outcomes, reduced medical errors, enhanced communication, improved patient safety, increased healthcare delivery efficiency, and speed and increased cost-effectiveness of healthcare delivery. The framework provides a standardized approach to guide the development process, reduce ambiguity, and promote consistency in the implementation of an HMIS.
5. Distinguish between open and closed systems.
Open systems refer to the flow of information between the system and its environment. In contrast, closed systems refer to an organization with no connection to external factors. In healthcare, an open health information system refers to the ability of an HMIS to interact with external systems, such as insurance providers’ and public health systems, to improve healthcare delivery, connectivity, and data sharing.
6. How do you identify if a health service organization is not collecting, transforming, or managing information correctly? Use the example of a hospital information system (HIS) to illustrate your answer.
One can identify if a health service organization is not collecting, transforming, or managing information correctly through different means. This may include the presence of inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated data, leading to medical errors, negative patient outcomes, and reduced effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare delivery. For instance, in the case of a hospital information system (HIS), a lack of integration of electronic health records and clinical decision support systems may result in a delay in decision-making leading to adverse patient outcomes.
7. Why is “management” often considered both a science and an art?
Management is often considered both a science and an art because it involves the application of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in decision-making processes. While the science of management involves the use of logical reasoning, empirical evidence, and statistics in decision-making, the art of management involves creativity, intuition, and judgment to cope with uncertainty and change.
8. Distinguish between “process efficiency” and “system efficiency” and between “process effectiveness” and “system effectiveness” and provide the rationale for the need to reengineer the health management information system design, development, and management process.
Process efficiency refers to an organization’s ability to perform tasks with minimum use of resources, expense, and time. In contrast, system efficiency refers to the ability of an HMIS to reconcile the desired output with the resource and time input. On the other hand, process effectiveness refers to the extent to which tasks or processes meet their intended/ required outcomes while system effectiveness refers to the ability of an HMIS to provide the desired output. Reengineering the health management information system design, development, and management process is necessary to improve these aspects by increasing accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness of the HMIS.
9. What are the basic components of the HMIS, and how should each of these components be managed? Why might EUC become dangerous to a health organization?
The basic components of the HMIS include hardware, software, data, procedures, and people. Each of these components should be managed appropriately by ensuring proper installation, configuration, and maintenance of the hardware and software resources, ensuring data quality through appropriate implementation of data validation procedures, and ensuring people follow appropriate organizational policies and procedures. End-user computing (EUC) can become dangerous to a health organization as it may lead to data corruption, incomplete documentation, and medical errors.
10. Define the object-oriented analysis and design approach to systems development. What are the three key mechanisms in OOAD? Describe the “layered” development of software in OOAD and the advantages of its use.
The object-oriented analysis and design approach to systems development is a methodology that utilizes encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism in software development. The three key mechanisms of OOAD include identifying objects, modeling relationships between objects, and defining behavior among objects. The layered development of software in OOAD involves dividing the software into different layers with each layer representing a conceptual component, and the advantage of its use is that it ensures reusability, reduces complexity, and facilitates modular development.
11. What do you think are the major contributions of information technology to the healthcare industry?
Major contributions of information technology to the healthcare industry include the ability to improve healthcare delivery, enhance patient outcomes, reduce medical errors, and increase operational efficiency. Information technology also facilitates effective decision-making and improved communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals. Additionally, it has enabled telemedicine, patient monitoring, and remote healthcare delivery.
12. What is systems integration in the healthcare setting? What is its significance?
Systems integration in the healthcare setting refers to the process of interconnecting different health information systems and enabling data exchange and communication between them. Its significance lies in promoting effective information sharing, promoting better decision-making, reducing medical errors, enhancing data accuracy, and improving the overall efficiency of healthcare delivery.
13. What do you perceive as the possible reason(s) for MIS development occurring at a slower pace in the health service sector than in the business sector?
Possible reasons for MIS development occurring at a slower pace in the health service sector than in the business sector include the complexity of healthcare information requirements, interoperability challenges between health information systems, the hierarchical decision-making structure in healthcare, and limited funding, technical expertise, and infrastructure in healthcare.
14. Imagine you are an IS consultant from the business sector and have been hired by the chief executive officer (CEO) of a small rural hospital to assist in the development of an HMIS. What could you say about the difference in environmental, organizational, and technological contexts between the two industrial sectors? How would your strategy be the same and how would it be different in comparison to planning and developing an MIS for a large health service organization versus a small one?
The difference in environmental, organizational, and technological contexts between the two industrial sectors may include the complexity of healthcare information requirements, healthcare regulations, limited funding, technical expertise, and infrastructure in healthcare. My strategy would be the same in both cases, which is to gather requirements, evaluate available technologies, design and develop an HMIS. However, in a small rural hospital, the approach would be more cost-effective as there is limited funding, and the available infrastructure may not be comprehensive.
15. Define health information resource management (HIRM) and describe its purpose.
Health information resource management (HIRM) refers to the management of health information resources aimed at meeting the needs of healthcare organizations, patients, and society. The purpose of HIRM is to promote effective use of health information resources, ensure data accuracy, facilitate data exchange, and improve healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.
16. What does HIRM provide to managers of health service delivery organizations?
HIRM provides managers of health service delivery organizations with access to accurate and timely health information, facilitating informed decision-making, and promoting evidence-based policymaking. HIRM also helps managers to manage healthcare resources effectively, reduce costs, and improve patient outcomes.
17. What are the five aspects of HIRM?
The five aspects of HIRM include data definition, data quality, data storage and retrieval, data analysis and use, and data security and confidentiality.
18. Please indicate whether the following statements should be included in the job description of a CEO or a CIO:
He or she should be responsible for developing and managing information – CIO
Ensure that a key executive/manager who has a primary and unmistakable responsibility for developing and sharing information within the organization is appointed – CEO
Act as a role model (e.g., be organized and positive) as all other strata of management and staff within the organization may take their cue from him or her – CEO
An individual within an organization has been given the responsibility to manage the organization’s information – CIO
Work effectively with the chief ________ officer to ensure that the processes for managing information within the organization are effective – CIO
Assist the executive team and governing board in using information effectively to support strategic planning and management – CIO/CEO
Provide management oversight and coordinating information processing and telecommunication systems throughout the organization – CIO
He or she should have an in-depth understanding of the current caregiving environment – CEO
He or she should be an active leader in the development of the organization’s information systems plans for the future – CIO
He or she should have a sound understanding of the information systems industry, particularly in relation to health care – CIO
He or she must ensure the development of the appropriate structure and the availability of the expertise within the facilities and assist in the challenge of obtaining the right information and interpreting it appropriately – CIO
He or she should be an executive who understands and advocates that information is a corporate asset to be used and protected with the same care as any other corporate asset – CEO
He or she should anticipate the appropriate time for implementing leading-edge technology – CIO
He or she should create a current state-of-the-art management information technology infrastructure that supports the organization’s overall plans, goals, and objectives – CIO
19. What are some common steps in HMIS implementation? What other issues need to be settled?
Some common steps in HMIS implementation include requirement analysis, system design, software development, testing and validation, user training, system maintenance, and evaluation. Other issues that need to be settled include ensuring data quality, promoting data security, and ensuring system integration with existing healthcare systems.
20. What kind of skills should health information systems managers in the future possess?
Health information systems managers in the future should possess technical skills in health informatics, data analytics, electronic health record systems, and clinical decision support systems. They should also have organizational knowledge, possess leadership, critical thinking and problem-solving skills and effective communication skills. Lastly, health information systems managers should also be able to adapt to new technologies, understand healthcare ethics and regulations and possess business management skills.
